Vertebrates
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Invertebrates
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1. Notochord is present in the embryo and vertebral column in the adult
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Notochord and vertebral column are absent in embryo and adult
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2. Gill slits are present
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Absent
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3. Nerve cord is single, hollow and non-ganglionated
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Nerve cord is double, solid and ganglionated
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4. Cranium is present
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Absent
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5. Post-anal tail is present
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Absent
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6. Two pairs of appendages for locomotion
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Many pairs when present
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7. Heart is ventral to the alimentary canal
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Heart is dorsal to the alimentary canal
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8. Blood flows forward ventrally and backward dorsally
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Blood flows forward dorsally and backward ventrally
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9. Haemoglobin is present in RBC
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Haemoglobin if present is dissolved in plasma
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10. Endoskeleton is present
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Absent
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