DISTANCE & DISPLACEMENT & SPEED:

DISTANCE:

The length of actual path is known as distance. e.g Distance from home to school, distance from home to masjid, distance from Peshawar to Karachi etc.

  DISPLACEMENT:

The shortest or straight distance between two points in a particular direction is called displacement. The straight distance between two points A and B is the example of displacement.

  DIFFERENCE:

             Distance is a scalar quantity, while displacement is a vector quantity.

        SPEED:

       Definition:

The distance covered by a body in unit time is called its speed.

                                                             OR

             The time rate of change of distance is called speed.

       Mathematical form:

             Speed = Distance covered

                                    Time

             V = S

                    t

                   Unit:

             In SI units the unit of speed is meter/second (m/s).

       Note:

             Speed is completely specified by its magnitude only, thus speed is a scalar quantity.

  TPYES OF SPEED:

1)      Uniform Speed:

If a body is covering equal distances in equal intervals of time, then its speed is said to be uniform.

2)      Variable Speed:

A body is said to be moving with variable speed, if it covers unequal distance in equal interval of time or equal distance in unequal interval of time.

3)      Average Speed:

The ratio between the total distance covered and total time taken by the body is called its average speed. Mathematically

             Average Speed = Total distance covered

                                                Total time

                         <V> = S

                                     t

             the triangular brackets indicates the average value.

4)      Instantaneous Speed:

The speed of a body at any instant of time is called instantaneous speed. It describes the speed of a body at every location of the path of motion. Mathematically

                         Speed = Distance covered

                                                Time

                         V_ins = ? S

                                    ? t

NOTE:

The above definition is applicable whether the motion is in a straight line or is along a curve path. In case of uniform speed, the instantaneous speed and the average speed are equal.






cloud computing technology
call center technology
information technology degrees
technology credit union
information technology degree
information technology schools
virtualization technology
cloud technology
information technology education
information technology consulting
information technology colleges
cloud technology companies
information technology training
visible technologies
technology insurance
information technology courses
information technology security
technology degrees
virtual technology
information technology management

100 More High Paying Keywords For Google Adsense

1. Structured settlements
2. Mesothelioma
3. Acne                            
4. Life Insurance
5. Asbestos
6. Bextra
7. Bankruptcy
8. Car Insurance
9. Dental Plan
10. Private Jet
11. Debt Consolidatio
12. Credit Card
13. Canadian Pharmac
14. Online Tradin
15. Equity Line Credit
16. Loans
17. Mortgages
18. Pay Day Loans
19. Cash Advance
20. Equity Loans
21. Reduce Debt
22. Refinance        
23. Jet Charter       
24. Rehab
25. Wrongful death
26. Legal Advice
27. Taxes
28. Investing
29. Bonds
30. Vioxx
31. IRA Rollover
32. Refinance Quotes
33. Adult Education
34. Distance Learning
35. Alcohol Treatment
36. Depression
37. Drug Rehab
38. Extra Money
39. Cell Phone Plans
40. Calling Cards
41. VOIP
42. Weight Loss
43. Homeowner’s Insurance
44. Rewards Cards
45. Spam Filter
46. Lasik
47. Facelift
48. Teeth Whitening
49. Annuity
50. Anti Virus Protection
51. Adult Diaper
52. Free Credit Report
53. Credit Score
54. Satellite
55. Anti Spam Software
56. Dedicated Hosting
57. Domain Name
58. Need Money
59. Bachelor Degree
60. Master Degree
61. Doctorate Degree
62. Work at Home
63. Quick Book
64. Spyware
65. Eloan
66. Malpractice Lawyer
67. Lenox China
68. Cancer
69. Payperclick
70. Personal Injury Attorney
71. Lexington Law
72. Video Conferencing
73. Transfer Money
74. Windstar Cruise
75. Casinos Online
76. Laptop Computer                   
77. Online Banking
78. Borrow Money
79. Low Interest Credit Cards
80. Personal Domain Name
81. Cellular Phone Rental
82. Internet Broker
83. Term Life  
84. Cheap Hosting
85. University Degrees Online
86. Online Marketing
87. Consolidate
88. Business Credit
89. Web Host
90. Web Designing
91. Death Insurance
92. Yellow Page Advertising
93. Travel Insurance
94. Register Domain
95. Credit Counseling
96. Email Hosting
97. Trans Union
98. Consumer Credit
99. Blue Cross
100. Helpdesk Software

MESOTHELIOMA LAW FIRM
DONATE CAR TO CHARITY CALIFORNIA
DONATE CAR FOR TAX CREDIT
DONATE CARS IN MA
DONATE YOUR CAR SACRAMENTO
HOW TO DONATE A CAR IN CALIFORNIA
SELL ANNUITY PAYMENT
DONATE YOUR CAR FOR KIDS
ASBESTOS LAWYERS
STRUCTURED ANNUITY SETTLEMENT
ANNUITY SETTLEMENTS
CAR INSURANCE QUOTES COLORADO
NUNAVUT CULTURE
DAYTON FREIGHT LINES
HARDDRIVE DATA RECOVERY SERVICES
DONATE A CAR IN MARYLAND
MOTOR REPLACEMENTS
CHEAP DOMAIN REGISTRATION HOSTING
DONATING A CAR IN MARYLAND
DONATE CARS ILLINOIS
CRIMINAL DEFENSE ATTORNEYS FLORIDA
BEST CRIMINAL LAWYER IN ARIZONA
LIFE INSURANCE CO LINCOLN
HOLLAND MICHIGAN COLLEGE
ONLINE MOTOR INSURANCE QUOTES
ONLINE COLLEDGES
PAPERPORT PROMOTIONAL CODE
ONLINECLASSES
WORLD TRADE CENTER FOOTAGE
MASSAGE SCHOOL DALLAS TEXAS
PSYCHIC FOR FREE
DONATE OLD CARS TO CHARITY
LOW CREDIT LINE CREDIT CARDS
DALLAS MESOTHELIOMA ATTORNEYS
CAR INSURANCE QUOTES MN
DONATE YOUR CAR FOR MONEY
CHEAP AUTO INSURANCE IN VA
MET AUTO
FORENSICS ONLINE COURSE
HOME PHONE INTERNET BUNDLE
DONATING USED CARS TO CHARITY
PHD IN COUNSELING EDUCATION
NEUSON
CAR INSURANCE QUOTES PA
ROYALTY FREE IMAGES STOCK
CAR INSURANCE IN SOUTH DAKOTA
EMAIL BULK SERVICE
WEBEX COSTS
CHEAP CAR INSURANCE FOR LADIES
CHEAP CAR INSURANCE IN VIRGINIA
REGISTER FREE DOMAINS
BETTER CONFERENCING CALL
FUTURISTIC ARCHITECTURE
MORTGAGE ADVISER
CAR DONATE
VIRTUAL DATA ROOMS
AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENT ATTORNEY
AUTO ACCIDENT ATTORNEY
CAR ACCIDENT LAWYERS
DATA RECOVERY RAID
MOTOR INSURANCE QUOTES
PERSONAL INJURY LAWYER
CAR INSURANCE QUOTES
ASBESTOS LUNG CANCER
INJURY LAWYERS
PERSONAL INJURY LAW FIRM
ONLINE CRIMINAL JUSTICE DEGREE
CAR INSURANCE COMPANIES
BUSINESS VOIP SOLUTIONS

Read More

TYPES OF MOTION

 TYPES OF :MOTION

       Generally the motion is of three types, translatory motion, rotatory motion and vibratory motion.

1)      Translatory Motion:

       When a body changes its position as a whole, is called its translatory motion. The line or path of

        motion could be straight or curved.

Examples:

        Motion of a horse or motion of a ball, moving car, falling bodies, rowing boats, flying birds are

       examples of translatory motion. translatory motion may be of the following types.

a)      Linear Motion:

If a body moves along a straight line, its motion is called linear motion. e.g motion of free falling bodies.

b)      Circular Motion:

If a body moves in a circle its motion is called circular motion. e.g whirling of a stone attached to a string.

c)      Random Motion:

If a body moves in an irregular manner, its motion is called random motion. e.g the flight of butterfly or motion of gas molecules.

2)      Rotatory / Circular Motion:

When a body rotates as a whole around a fixed axis, is called its rotatory motion. In fact, the particles of the body move in circle. OR The motion of a body in a circular path is called rotatory/circular motion.

Examples:

       Motion of wheel of a cycle, the hands of a clock, the wings of a turning fan and motion of the

       earth around its axis are examples of rotatory motion.

3)      Vibratory Motion:

The to and fro motion of an object about its mean position, repeated at regular intervals of a time is called vibratory or oscillatory motion.

Examples:

        Vibration of a pendulum, the oscillation of a mass attached to an elastic spring, motion of swing

        and the vibration of a plucked violin string.

   NOTE:

The motion of a body can be translatory, rotatory, vibratory or any combination of the three at the

same tine. e.g The motion of a cricket ball can have translatory as well as spin ( rotatory) motion.

The atoms/ molecules of gas can vibrate, rotate on its axis and at the same time can move freely

in its container.

Read More

MOTION:

MOTION:

Definition:

If a body changes its position with respect to its surrounding then it is said to be in motion.

Examples:

i)        When a wagon makes start from its stoop, then a person standing at the stop notices the motion

    of the wagon. Because the wagon is changing its position with respect to it’s surrounding.

ii)      Similarly, riding on a bicycle, we have the feeling of motion because we are changing our

     Position with respect to the surrounding.

REST:

Definition:

If a body does not change its position with respect to its surrounding then it is said to be in motion.

Examples:

i)           When a by standing on the stop, then the position of the bus in not changing with respect to a person sitting there on a bench. The bus is at rest with respect to that person.

ii)         A person traveling in a bus is at rest with respect to the seat he is sitting on it. But he is in motion with respect to all the things outside the bus.

NOTE:

It is concluded that the states of rest and motion are relative. There is nothing like absolute motion or absolute rest

Read More

KINEMATICS:

 KINEMATICS:

The branch of physics that deals with the study of motion of objects without reference to force and mass is called kinematics.

Read More

ADVANTAGES OF (SI) SYSTEM:

ADVANTAGES OF (SI) SYSTEM:

             Some of the advantages of SI units are the following.

• These units are used through out the world.
• Its units are convenient for daily use.
• Being a metric system, it is easier for use in numerical calculations.
• The higher and lower units of this system can be easily expressed in powers of 10 in an

abbreviated form.

• MKS system and CGS system are the subsystem of SI. The reason is that the fundamental

                        units of these systems are related to one another by multiples of 10. e.g 1 m = 100 cm

                         1 kg  = 1000 g

Read More

PREFIXES FOR SI UNITS:

PREFIXES FOR SI UNITS:

             Prefixes are a word/ words, used internationally to be multiplied with the basic units.

Prefixes are used with those quantities, which are either very large or very small compared with the basic standard unit. e.g thickness of a piece of paper is measured in millimeters, and not in centimeters. The long distance between two cities is given in kilometers.

             These prefixes are given special names and symbols and are certain power of 10 to multiply a quantity.

Prefixes representing power of 10

Prefix	Symbol	Multiple	Prefix	Symbol	Multiple
Yotta	Y	1024	deci	d	10-1
Zeta	Z	1021	centi	c	10-2
Exa	E	1018	milli	m	10-3
Peta	P	1015	Micro	µ	10-6
Tera	T	1012	Nano	n	10-9
Giga	G	109	Pico	?	10-12
Mega	M	106	Femto	f	10-15
Kilo	K	103	Atto	a	10-18
Hector	h	102	Zepto	z	10-21
Deca	da	101	Yocto	y	10-24

Read More

MASS AND ITS UNIT:

 MASS AND ITS UNIT:

The quantity of matter in a n object is called its mass. According an international decision, the unit of mass is kg. The standard kg is the mass of a platinum-iridium cylinder kept at the International Bureau of weight and measures, France. Copies of the standard kg are available all over the world.

Read More

TIME AND ITS UNIT:

TIME AND ITS UNIT:

             The interval between two instants is called duration of time. One mean

            Solar second (MSS) was taken as the standard unit of time. It is defined as

             1 second (MSS) = 1 x 1  x 1   Mean solar day

                                           24     60    60

             In daily life, working watches or clocks are used as working standards for

            measuring time.

Read More

SYSTEMS OF UNITS:

 SYSTEMS OF UNITS:

             A complete set of units, both basic and derived, used for the measurement of all kinds of physical quantities is called system of units. e.g

i) The foot-pound-second (FPS) system.

ii) The meter-kilogram-second (MKS) system.

iii) The centimeter-gram-second (CGS) system.

iv) System International (SI). Seven quantities are chosen as basic and their units are accepted

        as standard units. These units are m, kg, s, A, K, cd and mol.

  SYSTEM INTERNATIONAL (SI):

Until 1960, many of the countries of the world used different systems of units. With the expansion of international trade and the universalization of science & technology, it was felt necessary to introduce a uniform international system of units. So in 1960, it was decided in an international conference to adopt an international system (SI) of units. In SI seven quantities are chosen as basic, their units are accepted as standard units. (Table Basic units)

Read More

PHYSICAL QUANTITY:

 PHYSICAL QUANTITY:

To correlate matter and energy, there are some quantities which need to be measured. These quantities are called physical quantities. Some physical quantities are length, weight, time, force, energy etc.

MAGNITUDE:

The number together with the unit is called the magnitude of a physical quantity. e.g 5 meter, 6 kg,10 sec etc.

BASIC UNITS:

A physical quantity, whatever it may be, can always be expressed in terms of the units of the seven special distinct physical quantities. These are called basic quantities and their units are called basic units

                          Basic Quantities and their Units

No	Basic Quantity	Symbol	Unit	Symbol
1	Length	L	Meter	M
2	Mass	m	Kilogram	Kg
3	Time	t	Second	S
4	Electric Current	I	Ampere	A
5	Temperature	T	Kelvin	K
6	Intensity of Light	L	Candela	Cd
7	Amount of substance	N	Mole	Mol

DERIVED UNITS:

             The units derived from the basic units are called derived units. e.g units of Area, Volume, density,

                velocity etc are called derived units.

                            Derived Quantities and their Units

No	Derived Quantity	Symbol	Unit	Symbol
1	Area	A	Square meter	m2
2	Volume	V	Cubic meter	m3
3	Force	F	Newton	N
4	Work	W	Joule	J
5	Pressure	P	Pascal	Pa
6	Velocity	V	Meter per sec	m/s
7	Acceleration	a	Meter per sq sec	m/s2

Read More

LENGTH AND ITS UNIT:

   LENGTH AND ITS UNIT:

Length or distance is a fundamental physical quantity. According to system international the unit of length is called meter. The standard meter is defined as “the distance between two finely drawn lines on platinum-iridium metal rod at 0₀C”. The standard meter rod is placed in the international Bureau of weight and measures at severe, near Paris, France. Copies of the standard rod are available all over the world.

Read More

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

 SCIENTIFIC METHOD:

The specific method of promoting the knowledge is called scientific method.

OR

The method which is used for finding the truth is known as scientific method.

  The main components of scientific method are given below:

1)                     Observation:

It means to examine carefully an event or the natural processes.

2)                     Accurate Measurement:

The 2_nd step is to record accurate experimental data. In this way the correctness of data is judged by a number of research workers.

3)                     Analysis:

Analysis starts form the recorded data. An effort is made to find out the causes of the event and to look for a relationship among the various physical quantities effective in the event.

4)                     Hypothesis:

Based on analysis a few number of assumptions are made to explain the observed event. This step is called hypothesis. Hypothesis may be true or false.

5)                     Experiment:

In order to check the hypothesis an organized process is performed called experiment.

6)                     Theory:

A hypothesis that is successful but not tested by different experiments is called theory.

7)                     Prediction:

A theory is analyzed carefully and then, certain prediction is made about any unknown aspect of nature.

8)                     Law:

The prediction is verified through a series of new experiments. If it is found to be correct then such theory becomes a law.

Read More

MEASUREMENT

 MEASUREMENT:

Measuring a physical quantity means “comparing it with some standard quantity (unit) to know its magnitude”. e.g A shopkeeper measures the cloth in meters and sugar in kilograms. In school a period is measured in minutes or seconds.

UNIT:

The standard quantity with which things are compared is called a unit. e.g 5 meter cloth. 3 kg sugar, 40 minutes period. In the above examples meter, kg and minutes are units.

Read More

CONTRIBUTIONS OF MUSLIM SCIENTISTS

CONTRIBUTIONS OF MUSLIM SCIENTISTS:

             The Muslim scientists have played an important role in the field of science and technology. They dominated the field of science from 800 – 1100 AD. A brief discussion about their role is given below.

  1) IBNAL-HAITHAM:

i)                    Al-Haitham was born in Basra (Iraq) in 965 AD.

ii)                  He was an expert of physics, mathematic, engineering, medicine and astronomy.

iii)                He fro the first time told that light is a form of energy.

iv)                A simple camera was first of all invented by him.

v)                  Laws of reflection of light were proposed by him.

vi)                He refuted the then existed theory of Ptolemy and Euclid about.

vii)              He also did much work on human eye.

viii)            He differentiated luminous and non luminous, opaque and transparent objects.

ix)                The name of his famous book is Kitab-ul-Manazir.

  2) AL-BERUNI:

i)                    Al-Beruni was born in Berun (Afghanistan) in 937 AD.

ii)                  He was a great scholar of diverse subjects such as physics, chemistry, cosmology, geology, archeology, biology etc.

iii)                He did work on the movement of earth and sun.

iv)                He studied the phases of moon and the motion of the then known planets.

v)                  He explained the method of finding circumference of the earth. he explained to find the  densities of various metals.

vi)                The name of his famous book is Qanoom-al-Masudi.

vii)              The revealed that the Indus valley was once a part of the ocean, which is gradually filled by mud. This theory has now been confirmed by modern geologists.

viii)            He wrote more than 150 books.

  3) DR. ABDUL QADEER KHAN:

i)                    He was born at Bhopal (India) on April 1_st 1936.

ii)                  He got M.Sc technology degree from Holland.

iii)                He got Ph.D degree from Leven University Belgium.

iv)                .he served as an expert with the collaboration of the government of Holland in the Ureno Enrichment plant.

v)                  Pakistan became a nuclear power under his supervision.

vi)                In appreciation of his services, the engineering research laboratory Islamabad is renamed as A.Q.Khan laboratories.

vii)              Moreover he was awarded with Tamgha- i-Imtiaz.

  4) PROFESSOR DR. ABDUSSALAM:

i)                    He was born at Jhang in Punjab in 1926.

ii)                  He studied in Government College Lahore.

iii)                He was awarded scholarship for advance studied in U.K.

iv)                He was awarded Nobel Prize in physics in 1979 for his grand unification theory.

v)                  His research work was on combining two forces i.e. weak nuclear force and strong electromagnetic force.

vi)                He established the international centre for theoretical physics at Trieste, Italy.

vii)              He died in 1996 and was buried in his hometown, Jhang, Pakistan.

Read More

Movable pulley

Movable pulley 
In a moveable pulley, one end of the rope which passes around the pulley is tied to a firm support ‘O’ and effort ‘P’ is applied to the other end. The load is hung from the hook of the block. As the load is applied by two segments of rope,
the effort becomes twice of the applied value i.e.

EFFORT = 2 x P

In equilibrium condition we have

Load = Effort
W = 2P

Dividing both sides by P

W/P = 2

but [W/P = M.A]

thus

M.A. = 2

This shows that a moveable pulley can lift a load double the effort.

Read More

Deformation

6a) state that a force may produce a change in size and shape of a body.

         A force can change both the size and shape of a body. This process is called deformation. Though we will mainly study only elastic deformation, this post covers the basics of elastic deformation as well as plastic deformation.

• Elastic deformation

        In elastic deformation, an object changes its size or shape when a force is applied on it. However, once the force stops acting on the object, the object returns to its original shape and position.
        Stretching a spring is a form of elastic deformation. You apply a force, and the size of the spring increases. However, once you stop applying the pulling force, the spring returns to its original shape.

• Plastic deformation

       In plastic deformation, an object is permanently damaged, and does not return to its original size or shape even when the force that caused the deformation stops acting on it.
       Stretching a spring is elastic deformation. However, you might have noticed that if you apply a force too large on the spring, and stretch it too much, the spring is permanently misshaped. Now, it won't return to its original size. This is an example of plastic deformation.

Read More

Stability and Center of Mass

(f) describe qualitatively the effect of the position of the center of mass on the stability of simple objects.

As in most occasions, the center of mass and the center of gravity of an object act at the same point, we can consider the effects of center of gravity on the stability of an object.



The center of gravity of an object affects its stability in two ways.

1. Position of center of gravity

The lower the center of gravity of an object is, the stabler it is. Objects with higher center of gravity are easier to topple than objects with lower center of gravity. In the following picture, car 1 is less stable than car 2, because it has a higher center of gravity



                                                             2. Area of base

An object with a big base area is less likely to fall or topple over, than an object with a small base area. You might have observed this in your everyday life e-g tall glassware like mugs with small base areas fall over easily compared to mugs with a larger base area.

Furthermore, these two factors combine to decide the stability of an object. An object would fall over, if it's center of gravity does not pass through its base when it is tilted. Look at the following picture.

 

When the first car is tilted, its center of gravity no longer acts through its base. Therefore it would topple over. But the second car would not topple, as its center of gravity still acts through its base.

Same is the scenario with the red bus.

From here, we can deduce that.

1. If the base area of an object is large, it is less likely to topple over because the center of gravity would still act through the base even when the object is tilted.
2. If the center of gravity of an object is low, it is less likely to topple over because the gravity would still act through the base even when the object is tilted.

Read More