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Showing posts with label physics chapter 3. Show all posts
Showing posts with label physics chapter 3. Show all posts

Tuesday, October 28, 2014

DISTANCE & DISPLACEMENT & SPEED:

DISTANCE:

The length of actual path is known as distance. e.g Distance from home to school, distance from home to masjid, distance from Peshawar to Karachi etc.
  DISPLACEMENT:
The shortest or straight distance between two points in a particular direction is called displacement. The straight distance between two points A and B is the example of displacement.
  DIFFERENCE:
             Distance is a scalar quantity, while displacement is a vector quantity.
        SPEED:
       Definition:
The distance covered by a body in unit time is called its speed.
                                                             OR
             The time rate of change of distance is called speed.
       Mathematical form:
             Speed = Distance covered
                                    Time
             V = S
                    t
                   Unit:
             In SI units the unit of speed is meter/second (m/s).
       Note:
             Speed is completely specified by its magnitude only, thus speed is a scalar quantity.
  TPYES OF SPEED:
1)      Uniform Speed:
If a body is covering equal distances in equal intervals of time, then its speed is said to be uniform.
2)      Variable Speed:
A body is said to be moving with variable speed, if it covers unequal distance in equal interval of time or equal distance in unequal interval of time.
3)      Average Speed:
The ratio between the total distance covered and total time taken by the body is called its average speed. Mathematically
             Average Speed = Total distance covered
                                                Total time
                         <V> = S
                                     t
             the triangular brackets indicates the average value.
4)      Instantaneous Speed:
The speed of a body at any instant of time is called instantaneous speed. It describes the speed of a body at every location of the path of motion. Mathematically
                         Speed = Distance covered
                                                Time
                         Vins = ? S
                                    ? t
NOTE:

The above definition is applicable whether the motion is in a straight line or is along a curve path. In case of uniform speed, the instantaneous speed and the average speed are equal.






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TYPES OF MOTION

 TYPES OF :MOTION
       Generally the motion is of three types, translatory motion, rotatory motion and vibratory motion.
1)      Translatory Motion:
       When a body changes its position as a whole, is called its translatory motion. The line or path of
        motion could be straight or curved.
Examples:
        Motion of a horse or motion of a ball, moving car, falling bodies, rowing boats, flying birds are
       examples of translatory motion. translatory motion may be of the following types.
a)      Linear Motion:
If a body moves along a straight line, its motion is called linear motion. e.g motion of free falling bodies.
b)      Circular Motion:
If a body moves in a circle its motion is called circular motion. e.g whirling of a stone attached to a string.
c)      Random Motion:
If a body moves in an irregular manner, its motion is called random motion. e.g the flight of butterfly or motion of gas molecules.
2)      Rotatory / Circular Motion:
When a body rotates as a whole around a fixed axis, is called its rotatory motion. In fact, the particles of the body move in circle. OR The motion of a body in a circular path is called rotatory/circular motion.
Examples:
       Motion of wheel of a cycle, the hands of a clock, the wings of a turning fan and motion of the
       earth around its axis are examples of rotatory motion.
3)      Vibratory Motion:
The to and fro motion of an object about its mean position, repeated at regular intervals of a time is called vibratory or oscillatory motion.
Examples:
        Vibration of a pendulum, the oscillation of a mass attached to an elastic spring, motion of swing
        and the vibration of a plucked violin string.
   NOTE:
The motion of a body can be translatory, rotatory, vibratory or any combination of the three at the
same tine. e.g The motion of a cricket ball can have translatory as well as spin ( rotatory) motion.
The atoms/ molecules of gas can vibrate, rotate on its axis and at the same time can move freely

in its container.

MOTION:

MOTION:

Definition:
If a body changes its position with respect to its surrounding then it is said to be in motion.
Examples:
i)        When a wagon makes start from its stoop, then a person standing at the stop notices the motion
    of the wagon. Because the wagon is changing its position with respect to it’s surrounding.
ii)      Similarly, riding on a bicycle, we have the feeling of motion because we are changing our
     Position with respect to the surrounding.
REST:
Definition:
If a body does not change its position with respect to its surrounding then it is said to be in motion.
Examples:
i)           When a by standing on the stop, then the position of the bus in not changing with respect to a person sitting there on a bench. The bus is at rest with respect to that person.
ii)         A person traveling in a bus is at rest with respect to the seat he is sitting on it. But he is in motion with respect to all the things outside the bus.
NOTE:

It is concluded that the states of rest and motion are relative. There is nothing like absolute motion or absolute rest

KINEMATICS:

 KINEMATICS:
The branch of physics that deals with the study of motion of objects without reference to force and mass is called kinematics.