Reading Comprehension - Passage about the Pakistan food Conditions

The public distribution system, which provides food at low prices, is a subject of vital concern. There is a growing realization that though Pakistan has enough food to feed its masses three square meals a day, the monster of starvation and food insecurity continues to haunt the poor in our country. 

     Increasing the purchasing power of the poor through providing productive employment leading to rising income, and thus good standard of living is the ultimate objective of public policy. However, till then, there is a need to provide assured supply of food through a restructured more efficient and decentralized public distribution system (PDS).
       Although the PDS is extensive - it is one of the largest such systems in the world - it has yet to reach the rural poor and the far off places. It remains an urban phenomenon, with the majority of the rural poor still out of its reach due to lack of economic and physical access. The poorest in the cities and the migrants are left out, for they generally don't posses ration cards. The allocation of PDS supplies in big cities is larger than in rural areas. In view of such deficiencies in the system, the PDS urgently needs to be streamlined. In addition, considering the larger food grains production combined with food subsidy on one hand and the continuing slow starvation and dismal poverty of the rural population on the other, there is a strong case for making PDS target group oriented. 
       The growing salaried class is provided job security, regular income, and percent insulation against inflation. These gains of development have not percolated down to the vast majority of our working population.
          If one compares only dearness allowance to the employees in public and private sector and looks at its growth in the past few years, the rising food subsidy is insignificant to the point of inequity. The food subsidy is a kind of D.A to the poor, the self - employed and those in the unorganized sector of the economy. However, what is most unfortunate is that out of the large budget of the so called food subsidy, the major part of it is administrative cost and westages. A small portion of the above budget goes to the  real consumer and an even lesser portion to the poor who are in real need.
            If is true subsidies should not become a permanent feature, except for the destitute, disabled widows and the old. It is also true that subsidies often create a psychology of dependence and hence is habit-forming, killing the general initiative of the people.  By making PDS target group oriented, not only the poorest and neediest would be reached without additional cost, but it will actually cut overall costs incurred on large cities and for better off localities. When the food and food subsidy are limited the rural and urban poor should have the priority in the PDS supplies. The PDS should be closely linked with programs of employment generation and nutrition improvement.

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Reading Comprehension - Passages - Practice With Exercise

Democratic societies from the earliest times have expected their governments to protect the weal against the strong. No 'era of good feeling' can justify disc haring the police force or giving up the idea of public control over concentrated private wealth. On the other hand, it is obvious that a spirit of self denial and moderation on the part of those who hold economic power will greatly soften the demand for absolute quality. Men are more interested in freedom and security than in an equal distribution of wealth, The extent to which Government must interfere with business, therefore is not exactly measured by the extent to which economic power is concentrated into a few hands. The required degree of government interference depends mainly on whether economic powers are oppressively used, and on the necessity of keeping economic factors in a tolerable state of balance.

              However, with the necessity of meeting all these dangers and threats to liberty, the powers of government are unavoidably increased, whichever political party may be in office. The growth of government is a necessary result  of the growth of technology  and of the problems that go with the use of machines and science. Since the Government in our nation, must take on more powers to meets its problems, there is no way to preserve freedom except by making democracy more powerful.

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Seven Ages Of Man "Beautiful Summary as well as Conclusion" 333

INTRODUCTION OF Poet:

William Shakespeare is the greatest dramatist of English literature. He is not only a great dramatist but also a great poet. His superiority as a poet lies in this speech which is taken from his great work " As you like it" one of his most popular comedies.

THEME:

In this beautiful speech, William Shakespeare compares this world with the stage of drama and all human beings with actors. They come on the stage of the world when they take birth and leave it when they die. During the life every man plays seven parts. At the first he is infant when he vomits and cries in the arms of mother. In the next role he is seen as a school boy. Then he becomes a young lover. After this stage he becomes a soldier. At the fifth stage he plays the role of a judge. At the sixth stage he becomes a silly old man and the stage of man's life is marked with forgetfulness and leads a very miserable life.

LANGUAGE:

The language of the poem is very simple and beautiful, even an ordinary reader can understand it well. His selection of words is really Though it is in black verse, but it is full melody and music.

STYLE:

This speech is in black verse. There is enough regularity in the pattern of lines an their rhythm to make us feel; we are listening to poetry and yet there is so much freedom that we have the sensation of listening to a real speech.

Element OF VERSE:

In this speech Shakespeare has used metaphors very beautifully. In the very first line he uses metaphor and compares the world to a stage and all human beings to actors. His simile is also very beautiful such as "Creeping like snail " and " Sighing like furnace".

CONCLUSION:
Shakespeare was not only a great poet but also an great actor and this view of world as a stage and human beings as actors comes from a man who dedicated his life to theater. This idea has a universal appeal. He has surpassed all his in his beautiful speech. Which is undoubted by master piece passage of William Shakespeare. 

SEVEN AGES OF MAN (Speech)

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Reading Comprehension - Passages - Practice With Exercise

Reading Comprehension Entrance Test Preparation For ECAT & MCAT. 

Passage No: 2 (exercise) 

First Read carefully then solve exercise. 

        Democratic societies from the earliest times have expected their governments to protect the weal against the strong. No 'era of good feeling' can justify disc haring the police force or giving up the idea of public control over concentrated private wealth. On the other hand, it is obvious that a spirit of self denial and moderation on the part of those who hold economic power will greatly soften the demand for absolute quality. Men are more interested in freedom and security than in an equal distribution of wealth, The extent to which Government must interfere with business, therefore is not exactly measured by the extent to which economic power is concentrated into a few hands. The required degree of government interference depends mainly on whether economic powers are oppressively used, and on the necessity of keeping economic factors in a tolerable state of balance.

              However, with the necessity of meeting all these dangers and threats to liberty, the powers of government are unavoidably increased, whichever political party may be in office. The growth of government is a necessary result  of the growth of technology  and of the problems that go with the use of machines and science. Since the Government in our nation, must take on more powers to meets its problems, there is no way to preserve freedom except by making democracy more powerful.

Read this passage carefully then solve (exercise)

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Reading Comprehension - Passage about the Pakistan food Conditions

The public distribution system, which provides food at low prices, is a subject of vital concern. There is a growing realization that though Pakistan has enough food to feed its masses three square meals a day, the monster of starvation and food insecurity continues to haunt the poor in our country. 

     Increasing the purchasing power of the poor through providing productive employment leading to rising income, and thus good standard of living is the ultimate objective of public policy. However, till then, there is a need to provide assured supply of food through a restructured more efficient and decentralized public distribution system (PDS).
       Although the PDS is extensive - it is one of the largest such systems in the world - it has yet to reach the rural poor and the far off places. It remains an urban phenomenon, with the majority of the rural poor still out of its reach due to lack of economic and physical access. The poorest in the cities and the migrants are left out, for they generally don't posses ration cards. The allocation of PDS supplies in big cities is larger than in rural areas. In view of such deficiencies in the system, the PDS urgently needs to be streamlined. In addition, considering the larger food grains production combined with food subsidy on one hand and the continuing slow starvation and dismal poverty of the rural population on the other, there is a strong case for making PDS target group oriented. 
       The growing salaried class is provided job security, regular income, and percent insulation against inflation. These gains of development have not percolated down to the vast majority of our working population.
          If one compares only dearness allowance to the employees in public and private sector and looks at its growth in the past few years, the rising food subsidy is insignificant to the point of inequity. The food subsidy is a kind of D.A to the poor, the self - employed and those in the unorganized sector of the economy. However, what is most unfortunate is that out of the large budget of the so called food subsidy, the major part of it is administrative cost and westages. A small portion of the above budget goes to the  real consumer and an even lesser portion to the poor who are in real need.
            If is true subsidies should not become a permanent feature, except for the destitute, disabled widows and the old. It is also true that subsidies often create a psychology of dependence and hence is habit-forming, killing the general initiative of the people.  By making PDS target group oriented, not only the poorest and neediest would be reached without additional cost, but it will actually cut overall costs incurred on large cities and for better off localities. When the food and food subsidy are limited the rural and urban poor should have the priority in the PDS supplies. The PDS should be closely linked with programs of employment generation and nutrition improvement.

Read More