Comparison between cartilage and bone

Cartilage	Bone
1.           It is semi-rigid and flexible	It is rigid and strong
2.           The matrix lacks blood vessels (non-vascular)	The matrix has blood vessels (vascular)
3.           Non-calcified matrix	Calcified matrix
4.           The matrix protein is chondrin	The matrix protein is ossein
5.           Each lacuna in the matrix has 2 or 3 cartilage cells (chondrocytes)	Each lacuna in the matrix has a single bone cell (osteocyte)
6.           The matrix is not arranged in lamellae	The matrix is arranged in lamellae
7.           Haversian systems, canaliculi and Volkman’s canals are absent	Present
8.           Growth is unidirectional	Growth is bidirectional

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Comparison between Tendon and Ligament

Tendon	Ligament
1.        It is composed of only collagen fibres	It is composed of collagen fibres and some elastin fibres
2.        Fibres are seen as dense parallel bundles	Fibres are densely crowded but not arranged in parallel bundles
3.        Fibroblasts are seen in between fibre bundles	Fibroblasts are seen in between fibres
4.        Tendon joins muscle to bone	Ligament joins bone to bone

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Comparison between dicot stem and monocot stem

Dicot stem	Monocot stem
1.      Ground tissue is differentiated into cortex, endodermis, pericycle, stele and pith	Undifferentiated ground tissue
2.      Vascular bundles are limited in number and are arranged in a broken ring	Vascular bundles are numerous in number and are scattered in the ground tissue
3.      Vascular bundles are open	Vascular bundles are closed
4.      Collenchymatous hypodermis	Sclerenchymatous hypodermis
5.      Sclerenchymatous bundle cap is present	Bundle cap is absent
6.      Bundle sheath is absent	Sclerenchymatous bundle sheath  is present
7.      Protoxylem lacuna is absent	Protoxylem lacuna is present
8.      Secondary growth is present	Secondary growth is absent

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Comparison between dicot root and monocot root

Dicot root	Monocot root
1.      Limited number (2 to 6) of Xylem and phloem groups	Numerous xylem and phloem groups (above 6)
2.      Diarch to hexarch	Polyarch
3.      Xylem cells are polygonal in shape	Xylem cells are rounded in shape
4.      Pith is absent or reduced	Pith is large
5.      Secondary growth is present	Secondary growth is absent

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